Assessment of current dietary intake of organochlorine contaminants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in killer whales (Orcinus orca) through direct determination in a group of whales in captivity.
Identifieur interne : 000184 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000183; suivant : 000185Assessment of current dietary intake of organochlorine contaminants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in killer whales (Orcinus orca) through direct determination in a group of whales in captivity.
Auteurs : Costanza Formigaro [Italie] ; Luis A. Henríquez-Hernandez [Espagne] ; Annalisa Zaccaroni [Italie] ; Manuel Garcia-Hartmann [France] ; María Camacho [Espagne] ; Luis D. Boada [Espagne] ; Manuel Zumbado [Espagne] ; Octavio P. Luzardo [Espagne]Source :
- The Science of the total environment ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, Pesticides, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic, Water Pollutants, Chemical.
- metabolism : Whale, Killer.
- statistics & numerical data : Diet.
- Animals, Environmental Monitoring.
Abstract
We determined the levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the plasma of captive adult killer whales and in their food. The goal of this research was the assessment of the dietary exposure of killer whales to these pollutants to gain insight on what is the actual magnitude of the exposure in this species, which is considered among the most contaminated in the planet. Plasma median ∑OCP and ∑PCB contents were 3150.3 and 7985.9 ng g(-1)l.w., respectively. A total of 78.9% of the PCBs were marker-PCBs, and 21.1% were dioxin-like PCBs (6688.7 pg g(-1)l.w. dioxin toxic equivalents). This is the first report of the blood levels of PAHs in killer whales, and their median value was 1023.1 ng g(-1)l.w. In parallel, we also determined the levels of these contaminants in the fish species that are used to feed these animals to estimate the orcas' average daily dietary intake of pollutants. All the contaminants in the fish were detected in the plasma of the killer whales, and proportionality between the intake and the blood levels was observed in all the animals. The calculated intake was extremely high for certain contaminants, which is a concern, giving a glimpse of what possibly occurs in the wild, where exposure to these contaminants can be even higher. Therefore, although many of these chemicals have been banned for decades, even today, the levels of these chemicals could reach very toxic concentrations in the tissues of these endangered animals because of their diet.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.127
PubMed: 24345864
Affiliations:
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Henríquez-Hernandez</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Canaries</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaccaroni, Annalisa" sort="Zaccaroni, Annalisa" uniqKey="Zaccaroni A" first="Annalisa" last="Zaccaroni">Annalisa Zaccaroni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Large Pelagic Vertebrate Group, Veterinary Faculty, University of Bologna, Viale Vespucci 2, Cesenatico (FC), 47042, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Large Pelagic Vertebrate Group, Veterinary Faculty, University of Bologna, Viale Vespucci 2, Cesenatico (FC), 47042</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>47042</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Hartmann, Manuel" sort="Garcia Hartmann, Manuel" uniqKey="Garcia Hartmann M" first="Manuel" last="Garcia-Hartmann">Manuel Garcia-Hartmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Marineland Antibes Conservation Research Center (CRC), 306 Avenue Mozart, Antibes 06600, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Marineland Antibes Conservation Research Center (CRC), 306 Avenue Mozart, Antibes 06600</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camacho, Maria" sort="Camacho, Maria" uniqKey="Camacho M" first="María" last="Camacho">María Camacho</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Canaries</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boada, Luis D" sort="Boada, Luis D" uniqKey="Boada L" first="Luis D" last="Boada">Luis D. Boada</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Canaries</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zumbado, Manuel" sort="Zumbado, Manuel" uniqKey="Zumbado M" first="Manuel" last="Zumbado">Manuel Zumbado</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Canaries</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luzardo, Octavio P" sort="Luzardo, Octavio P" uniqKey="Luzardo O" first="Octavio P" last="Luzardo">Octavio P. Luzardo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. Electronic address: operez@dcc.ulpgc.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Canaries</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Science of the total environment</title><idno type="e-ISSN">1879-1026</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Diet (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Environmental Monitoring</term><term>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated (metabolism)</term><term>Pesticides (metabolism)</term><term>Polychlorinated Biphenyls (metabolism)</term><term>Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic (metabolism)</term><term>Water Pollutants, Chemical (metabolism)</term><term>Whale, Killer (metabolism)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated</term><term>Pesticides</term><term>Polychlorinated Biphenyls</term><term>Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic</term><term>Water Pollutants, Chemical</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Whale, Killer</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Diet</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Environmental Monitoring</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We determined the levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the plasma of captive adult killer whales and in their food. The goal of this research was the assessment of the dietary exposure of killer whales to these pollutants to gain insight on what is the actual magnitude of the exposure in this species, which is considered among the most contaminated in the planet. Plasma median ∑OCP and ∑PCB contents were 3150.3 and 7985.9 ng g(-1)l.w., respectively. A total of 78.9% of the PCBs were marker-PCBs, and 21.1% were dioxin-like PCBs (6688.7 pg g(-1)l.w. dioxin toxic equivalents). This is the first report of the blood levels of PAHs in killer whales, and their median value was 1023.1 ng g(-1)l.w. In parallel, we also determined the levels of these contaminants in the fish species that are used to feed these animals to estimate the orcas' average daily dietary intake of pollutants. All the contaminants in the fish were detected in the plasma of the killer whales, and proportionality between the intake and the blood levels was observed in all the animals. The calculated intake was extremely high for certain contaminants, which is a concern, giving a glimpse of what possibly occurs in the wild, where exposure to these contaminants can be even higher. Therefore, although many of these chemicals have been banned for decades, even today, the levels of these chemicals could reach very toxic concentrations in the tissues of these endangered animals because of their diet.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li></country><region><li>Canaries</li><li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li></region></list><tree><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Formigaro, Costanza" sort="Formigaro, Costanza" uniqKey="Formigaro C" first="Costanza" last="Formigaro">Costanza Formigaro</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Zaccaroni, Annalisa" sort="Zaccaroni, Annalisa" uniqKey="Zaccaroni A" first="Annalisa" last="Zaccaroni">Annalisa Zaccaroni</name></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Canaries"><name sortKey="Henriquez Hernandez, Luis A" sort="Henriquez Hernandez, Luis A" uniqKey="Henriquez Hernandez L" first="Luis A" last="Henríquez-Hernandez">Luis A. Henríquez-Hernandez</name></region><name sortKey="Boada, Luis D" sort="Boada, Luis D" uniqKey="Boada L" first="Luis D" last="Boada">Luis D. Boada</name><name sortKey="Camacho, Maria" sort="Camacho, Maria" uniqKey="Camacho M" first="María" last="Camacho">María Camacho</name><name sortKey="Luzardo, Octavio P" sort="Luzardo, Octavio P" uniqKey="Luzardo O" first="Octavio P" last="Luzardo">Octavio P. Luzardo</name><name sortKey="Zumbado, Manuel" sort="Zumbado, Manuel" uniqKey="Zumbado M" first="Manuel" last="Zumbado">Manuel Zumbado</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"><name sortKey="Garcia Hartmann, Manuel" sort="Garcia Hartmann, Manuel" uniqKey="Garcia Hartmann M" first="Manuel" last="Garcia-Hartmann">Manuel Garcia-Hartmann</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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